Reservation of seats and special representation to cease after certain period

Article 334, Constitution of India 1950

Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this Part, the provisions of this Constitution relating to—

(a) the reservation of seats for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes in the House of the People and in the Legislative Assemblies of the States; and

(b) the representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the House of the People and in the Legislative Assemblies of the States by nomination,

shall cease to have effect on the expiration of a period of ten years from the commencement of this Constitution:

⁠Provided that nothing in this article shall affect any representation in the House of the People or in the Legislative Assembly of a State until the dissolution of the then existing House or Assembly, as the case may be.

Draft Article 295A (Article 334 of Constitution of India 1950) was absent in the Draft Constitution 1948. The Draft Article was debated on on 24 August 1949 and 25 August 1949. The Draft Article stated that reservations for SC/STs in Union and State legislatures would be valid for a period of 10 years after the Constitution comes into effect.  

A group of members were not comfortable with the time limit on reservations. They were not  sure if 10 years was sufficient to bring the SC/ST community to the level of other classes. One Member wanted the Draft Article to make it explicitly clear that time limit would only apply if the SC/ST community wasn’t adequately uplifted. Other members wanted to give parliament the power to alter the time limit as it saw fit.  

The Drafting Committee Chairman confessed he preferred a longer time limit, though he suggested that the Assembly stick to 10 years for now. He argued that if the SC/ST community had not been uplifted in 10 years, then the community would  invent novel ways to ensure that their reservation benefits continue. The Chairman further stated that parliament should not be given the power to change the time limit; such a change must be done through a constitutional amendment.   

The Chairman’s interventions appeared to convince the Assembly and all the above proposals were rejected or withdrawn.  

However, the Assembly accepted two amendments. The first stated that the time limit would not affect the composition of the existing legislative assemblies and the second brought Anglo Indian reservations under the ambit of the Draft Article.  

The Assembly adopted the Draft Article with these amendments on 25 August 1949.  

Article 334 was subsequently amended by way of the Constitution (One Hundred and Fourth Amendment) Act, 2019.